Roots and transformations

The architectural identity in the changing context of San Andrés and Providencia, Colombia

Abstract

The archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina has a traditional architecture shaped by British, African, and Asian cultural influences, forming a unique spatial identity. However, population growth, cultural influx, tourism, and changes in the availability of materials have significantly altered the housing typologies across the islands. This article examines this transformation through a qualitative investigation based on human ecology, using bibliographic sources, graphic materials, and architectural plans, as well as a comparative morphological analysis of traditional and current dwellings. The study identifies key architectural elements of Raizal housing —such as the fluid connection between interior and exterior spaces, the community-centered design, and the use of natural materials— and how these have been replaced by a standardized, context-detached architecture. The findings reveal a gradual loss of the formal and symbolic elements that once defined Raizal identity. Finally, the article proposes a reinterpretation of these elements for the design of contemporary housing that, while incorporating modern technologies, restores the traditional sense of belonging and identity. This contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and supports a sustainable architectural approach in the face of ongoing transformations.